Designing A Better Organizational Process - 4695 Words

In any organization which is more important in managing the project would need to have a better organizational process in itself. By addressing various issues and there widely commented process would help in making changes as per company to company Management. Overall strategy of these process would create structure strategy and for better policies. Our organization policies and help in promote project management. Making up the contextual issues before it project management and help in accomplishing a better reporting relationship. It is better reporting relationship, rules, procedure, help in govern and establish that make up project team. Strategic Management would be formulating, implementing and have better organization objectives. As†¦show more content†¦The process which are considered are the Technical and organizational optimizations. Using the Technical optimization and further create data centre facilities will make a change in E bay work process and their Organizational structure. By having a better process of efficient system and there take on full advantage will be newly implemented and can help in creating important goal for better infrastructure efficiency. There are other brief summary which will help in creating strategy which would help in data Centre’s and also project a case in demand center and further increase the level of data centre at phoenix and maintain data centre at eBay and help in building metrics and also drive up tools. Organizational structure includes the design of systems to ensure effective communication, coordination, and integration of effort across departments. This third feature of organizational structure refers to the supporting mechanisms the firm relies on to reinforce and promote its structure (Pinto, 2010). These supporting mechanisms may be simple or complex. In some firms, a method for ensuring affective communication is simply to mandate, through rules and procedures, the manner in which project team members must communicate with one another and the types of information they must

It Is a Constant Image of Your Face - 924 Words

Dennis Vincent Brutus was a South African activist, educator, journalist and poet best known for his campaign to have apartheid South Africa banned from the Olympic Games. He lived between 28th November 1924 and 26th December 2009. He was born in Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) and had ancestry of mixed French, Italian and South African. His activist life likens him to a crusader for his country. A knight on duty for a mistress; and this has so often appeared in his poetry. He loved South Africa deeply and did everything to win its freedom. In this poem, â€Å"It Is the Constant Image of Your Face†, he closes the first stanza by saying â€Å"my land takes precedence of all my loves†. This was his passion. While he was in prison, news broke that South†¦show more content†¦He calls it a ‘still-fresh treason’ (line 15). But in this confused place, a world of knives, he pleads, hopes (line 16) that his dearest love (line 16), South Africa, will pardon him freely (line 17) and not blame his woman. He ends by revealing more of his confusion, saying that South Africa, his first love, is his woman’s ‘mistress (or your match)’ (line 18), not knowing which to say is more tender. He loves one, he loves the other. One was able to conspire with his heart and steal his affect ion from the other, and now he does not even know whether the two are matched or one is dearer to his heart. The greater emotion here is Brutus’ guilt of diluting the apartheid struggle with other cares. His love of his land is shown here overwhelmingly. This poem is another beauty that has added a little more tonnage to my love for this most romantic of poets coming fromShow MoreRelated The God of Love: Eros Essay1010 Words   |  5 Pagesdiction, and dialogue. The visual images of Eros described in each poem convey a drastically different type of god. Robert Bridges depicts Eros as a perfect, unearthly being using metaphor, elated language, and formation of the poem. 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Swimsuits definitely cry out for attention versus being a staple, like in the Caribbean, and the park and beaches see an influx of sun-hungry people on those random sunny days. In many parts of the world, this description is applicable

Prophecy of the sisters Free Essays

Alice and Lila were always close, but after her father’s death Alice seemed strange and distant, sneaking around the ameliorate manner. It Is soon realized the two have become enemies due to the prophecy, one good and one evil. The setting and world of the book seemed very realistic and interesting to me, the way the author incorporated literary themes into the unrealistic areas of the book made it hard to put down! The twin sisters are not your typically good versus bad twin, â€Å"only time will tell who is the guardian and who is the gate† (98) which gives it a retain mystery element that gets you captured. We will write a custom essay sample on Prophecy of the sisters or any similar topic only for you Order Now You get sucked into this world where what you think you know, Is not what you really know. Is Alice the good twin or Is Lila? While the two are battling to either close the Gate forever or release the beast and all the lost souls from other traveling worlds you you get a taste of good versus evil and you find yourself despising Alice and rooting for Lila, who has â€Å"never denied her sister to be careless, self centered, even spiteful, but it never occurred to her before the prophecy that she might actually be cruel. 132) As they discover their true roles in the prophecy that has turned generations of sisters against each other, Lila has a choice to make, save herself or save everyone around her that she loves. As she races to end the prophecy before her sister does the anticipation only builds, despite the unrealistic ideals of the book. I feel that because the book started in a â€Å"normal† or realistic setting and led up to the untangling of the mysterious prophecy it w as easier to believe and I often felt I was deciphering the prophecy along with Lila, this kept my interest throughout the whole book. Some real world Ideas that popped out to me while reading the book were how everybody treats you Like your fragile or different after the death of a loved one, especially a parent. (I know about this first hand). Everyone feels as if they owe you an apology, so when Lila and Alice go back to Housewife everyone at school â€Å"avoids eye contact and whispers what could only be about them† (46) until Mrs†¦ Gray speaks for everyone when she tells the girls that she is sorry for their loss. I also noticed how they didn’t get in as much trouble as their friends, Impartially Louisa, an Italian orphan who was taken In by another teacher, even though they all left school together. Alice and La got off easier because their father was one of Housewife’s biggest beneficiary’s. Mrs†¦ Gray did not want them to know this so she tried to cover it up by saying â€Å"her pity for their recent loss was the only thing that kept them from getting a report sent to their aunt Virginia† (56) but the girls knew better. I feel this portrays class differences and the different treatment wealthier people get, or how if you’re somebody who has money you often get off easier or get a lesser punishment. All were the ones that stuck out to me the most. 3. This is personally my favorite genre to read, when I’m upset or stressed I can Just emerge myself in a great science fiction book such as The Prophecy of the Sisters and forget about the world around me for awhile. It is often hard for me to focus in on a book unless it really catches my interest, and I find myself fascinated with science fiction novels about mythology and the fantasy world. I have read many books much like this one, that I actually read a couple years ago and it became one of my personal favorites because many of the elements in it (souls, legends, the dead still being all around us, physics, etc. ) I actually believe in. I forgot the details of the book and I loved it so much the first time I read it I had to reread it again because I thought it would be perfect for this assignment and I will definitely be reading the next three books of the series as soon as possible. I love the way it starts out as a â€Å"normal† book but once an old legend (prophecy) is discovered you feel like you’re unfolding the mystery and learning the prophecy for yourself as if you are Lila, protecting your family and saving the world room destruction by the lost souls and â€Å"the seven deadly plagues of no return, death, famine, blood, fire, darkness, drought, and ruin. (36) I think focusing more on books of this genre in school would be more beneficial to students and teachers instead of the boring classical novels we’re forced to read. If teachers assigned students books they WANT to read, instead of ones they had to, they would get more involved and more students would actually read the books. Th is would result in overall better test grades which makes teachers and students happy. How to cite Prophecy of the sisters, Papers

Nursing Clinical Case Report Health Assessment

Question: Discuss about the Nursing Clinical Case Report for Health Assessment. Answer: Introduction Mr. Smith as I name my patient to encode confidentiality is a 73 years old man who lives alone, he gets support from a lodge, the general support being showering, meals, and cleaning. When his presentation to the ED is finally in a position he is the diagnosis shows that there is the increase in shortness of breaths as per the outcome from the background server of COPD. As per the results the condition is constant at homes at 2.5 O2 at home, while the initial OBS is at the position of HR 85, GCS 15, also in inclusion Sats 100% holding with 2.5 L O2. The general implications show that he is Afebrile but tachypnoeic which is the reason for the rapid abnormal breathing.This paper will tackle the clinical case of Mr. Smith also exhausting diagnostic tests and general results. It is an aim of the provision of patient education, discharge planning summary to be in the description. Case management discussion Patients medical condition When an ECG diagnosis is made the outcome in HDU comes out clearly as that the p mitral and the general sinus tachycardia in conjunction with the serial cardiac troponins are in the estimate levels of 38 and 37. (Frick et.al 2014). The overall measure of a troponin test will measure the levels of troponin T or rather it is the troponin I proteins which are in the blood. (Brown et.al, 2012). When the proteins are facing release them, the heart muscle also seems to receive the impact and are at the risk of suffering damage. Social, economic background On the outlook to provide a relevant report of the patient, the need for having their social and general economic environment will act as a guide to being able to find reasons behind the controlling the infection. At a different situation, the condition can be preventable but due to the difference in social, economic levels; this can be difficult. Mr. Smith is working as a farmer for the last 25 years before the disease. (Yourngstorm et.al, 2015). In the incident where the wife dies, thus now faces life in the act of receiving the life in the home. He lives alone, and he is receiving an extension of services from a nearby lodge which he finds refuge in for the time of his illness before he faces admission. As part of his medication, he is under the management ADLs, which he successfully manages them while his is under a correct supervision. (MacPherson et.al, 2016). It is the mobilized and also the short distance travel which sees him receiving it due to the continuous oxygen therapy that becomes part of him in the condition. At a later date, he comes to have a transfer from his first place to a second place where he lives for some time. It is then in a description that the son has one adopted grand-daughter. Most of the time he is socializing with the family through the phone. In a critical medical condition, he receives a transfer to a medical ward where he is going for an Acute Care. Current medical diagnosis Acute Exacerbation of the COPD In this instance, our patient is in a diagnosis, and the outcome results are that he is in infection of dyspnea, which as a result at a different instance increasing in a cough as part of the result, the resulting there is an increasing sputum production as it came out in the diagnosis. (Forbes et.al, 2014). In addition to that, there is hypoxic and emphysema with an inclusion of a wheeze. From his aspect, it is found that he denies chest pain during a session with the medical officers. Also, he is in an opposing state of other conditions like hemoptysis and fevers which are chills. Mr. Smith's situation to have other conditions like gastrointestinal and urinary symptoms are not in acceptation. As a conclusion, the nursing departments are trying to find other possible causes for it is difficult to conclude from the data in a collection from him. (Bass et.al 2015). The condition known as Hypoxemia is a condition which happens when there is an impairing of a gas exchange in the lungs; this has an effect of causing a very low level of oxygen in the lung of the patient in a subject. Thus the general effect is in transmission to the blood streams which now carries low oxygen content in the blood. Pneumonia In consideration, pneumonia is an infection which affects the bottom part of the respiratory tract which as a result has the causative agents to be bacteria, fungi, and viruses, at other instances protozoa and parasites, have been found to be causative agents of the illness. The inflammation which is, as a result, is what causes the infection of the lungs. (Patney and Wartson, 2015). When Mr. Smith our confidential patient is in a diagnosis and is a fund with bacterial pneumonia, the general causative agent for this is the Pseudomonas microbes which will affect the bronchioles also the alveoli of the individual. Background Following closely to the medical history of the patient it is clear that he is in a critical condition, and the relevant measures are taken to control the situation. The first medical history is found to be hypertension which is seen to be consistent with a resting BP of estimation accuracy of 140/90 mmHg and is in consideration to go higher. (Gacono, 2015). It is due to go at critical levels because of the excessive smoking habits which are found to be the causative agent in the study discussion. GORD, which is the Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disorder, in return it also found in the medical history of the patient in an address. In August 2014 he was reported to have in possession of Echocardiogram which it is in the left ventricle hypertrophy. Also, hypokinesis is found, and it is the realization that there is a mild elevation of RSVP this is the abbreviation of the Right Ventricular systolic pressure.In a general description of an echocardiogram which is a test is a general test which uses the sound waves to make or in a provision of images. It is of the heart with the sound waves acquired. The administration of IHD which it is now a drug eluding stent is to give to the patient. The CAD this is the coronary artery disease occurs when his arteries which are responsible for supplying blood to the heart is experiencing the hardening and thus end up having a narrow path. The drug eluding is in use it is a peripheral or rather a coronary stent which is now in possession of the narrow road hence it slowly takes the initiative of releasing the drugs into the proliferation of the cells previously were impermeable. A diagnosis done below the knee DVT has an indication of warfarin, but this later ceases when the patients were in admission. It is in the doing in August in the year 2014. (Brayde and Raby 2015). The impact of the verge of 2015 yet another infection known as the cellulitis is in recognition. In an accompanying statement, this is on the note than the other accompanying distress which the eruption of the erythematous and the edematous counterpart dorsal is a finding on his feet. The condition undergoes treatment, and this is in a doing with oral flucloxacillin with the subsequent improvement in the verge of experiencing subsequent improvement in that situation. As a short description, cellulitis is known to be an infection which causes inflammation of the connective tissues preferably the one in a location of the legs. The causative agent is bacteria; this presents itself a painful area which is inflamed and has its location on the surface of the skin. Another important discovery is to come, and the development of the spontaneous L, which is a pneumothorax at the basal L of the lung comes out vividly, and this is to be for completion in 2014 as part of the medical history. In details, pneumothorax has its definition as the air in the pleural space of the thoracic cavity; it is the general causative communication to the accumulation of the air in the pleural membrane in the patient's chest cavity. In a different perception, it may be open or rather in a final aspect. The verge of a closed pneumothorax is a found to have the association with the external wound. It is the most of the standard form will show up as a spontaneous accumulation of air in the general pleural cavity which results to have no future antecedent event. The causative agent for this is the rapture of the small blisters found on the visceral pleural spaces. In general, the condition occurs preferably and is also common in male individuals who are underweight and at a greater range they are cigarette smokers. To be precise, the age is a factor, and it has an estimation of between the ages of 20 to 40 years. A different diagnosis in the aspect, aspergillosis which it is a condition which is preferably an association of infection to the tissues and mostly common to the lungs. In his history in an interview with the medical officers. It is a realization that he has a nil known condition to be allergic to all the drugs containing the compound. (MIMS, 2014). In a deep interception to his smoking habits, it is found to be an ex-smoker with a very long history of the same. The general outcome is that he started to advance and smoke one carton of cigarettes in a week the character became a forgotten case in 2010. He manages to emerge NIL in the history of ETOH which is the alcohol history. Anatomy of the Respiratory System A closer look of the cardiovascular system helps us get to provide a lasting solution to the problem. The cardiovascular system and the general respiratory system thy have a mutual relationship which is that they work together. The general steps are that by providing gaseous exchange which is that CO2 comes out during exhalation and O2 is taken in during inhalation, this comprises of the pulmonary system. (Arkowitz et.al, 2015). It also has the function of transporting gasses throughout the body which is the general composition of the cardiovascular system. The primary units being the alveoli is the proving aspect to the responsibility for the removal of O2, which goes into the blood while CO2 comes out. A summary of the process can be an initiation of ventilation which is the movement of air into the lungs and out. Diffusion is the actual flow of the respiratory gasses between air spaces in the lungs and the overall system of the blood stream. (Carr et.al, 2016). Perfusion on the ot her end will take the definition of the movement of blood into and out of the beds of the capillary of the respiratory organs which are the lungs and the tissues. Thus respiratory failure occurs when the general levels if the carbon dioxide, and oxygen have no evident change. Pathogenesis of the COPD The primary causative substance is cigarette smoke which both activate the impact from both passive and active smokers. The increase of antioxidants caused by the smoke is the toxic sting aspect in the process. (Lewis et.al 2014). The inhibition of the activity by of the anti-protease will result in an inflammation of the respiratory epithelium leading to an infection. The existence of chronic bronchitis and the emphysema is a contributing factor to the problem. Emphysema will begin to have effect with a destruction of alveolar septa that is the point of interception of the increasing portion of the pulmonary capillary beds will be experiencing an increase in volume with the air being part of the acinus. The last step will be the destruction of the alveolar walls which eventually loses the elasticity. Nursing Management In the first aspect of the nursing management ways, the establishment of the ineffective airway to be about the obstruction of an unproductive cough. As per the general assessment findings are as follows, BP 152/80 mm Hg while the heart rate is 71 beats/minute. (Smeltzer et.al 2014). The oxygen saturation is in the estimation of 2.5 L oxygen to the nasal spec is the percentage of 98 this implies that it is a rate of 20 breaths per minute. The overall auscultating his chest will be the reason for the wheezing sound of the patient. Recommendation As part of the proposal the administration of cough enhancement which was encouraged to escalate his sitting position slightly flexible, to allow the adequate chest expansion. (Tollefson, 2015).Also, he is given bronchodilators to curb the problem of calibration and to retain secretion and increase the ease of breathing. In the situation where he is seen to have an impairment which is related to SaO2, which is 90%. The patient is dragonized for it at 83% with the use of RA. (Mindell and Owens 2015). The intervention of nurses comes in, and he is recommended to monitor the respiratory and oxygenation status, in general, to be able to assess the essential need for intervention. The pharmacological nursing management. To acquire his exacerbation of the resulting OCPD, he then is receiving a treatment of an oral glucocorticoid. Prednisolone, which in estimation is to give at 25mg oral per day, is in use to severe conditions of exacerbations to be able to reduce the airway inflammation by establishing a preventing mechanism from the release from the mast cells. In turn, the bronchodilators will be in a position to promote the synthesis of bronchial beta2 receptors which will see the increase of the effectiveness of the receptors. The other aspect of inclusion of fluticasone or the salmeterol which is to give the recommendation of 250/25 2 puffs in a day given twice. (Porth and Martfin, 2009). With this, it will be long acting more sympathomimetic beta2 agonists, which will be in moving part like the adrenergic receptors in the smooth muscle of the lung. IT will activate the suppression of histamine which will release and help the elevation of the ciliary muscles contraction in the lungs of the pati ent. As part of the management of his pneumonia, the recommendation for the use of a daily dose of 1gm of IV cephalosporin which will reduce the infection of the other drugs which might have an effect on the lungs. The relevant diagnostic tests and the overall results. Chest X-ray as at 13/06/16, was found to be a hyper-expanded lung representing the scarring confluent and the consolidation of the collapsing lungs.Cardiac troponin, his levels are sought to be at 37 and 38 this purely indicates that there is myocardial damage thus the patient is under the suspicion of having an acute coronary syndrome. (Brown et.al, 2012). The biochemistry of his blood is at the rates of lower hemoglobin as 127g/L while the lower M.C.H is 26.1 pg. The general result is used to give proper medication to the patient. Summary and conclusion In summary and conclusion of the report in general, the patient though he has in the receiver of the treatment it is an essential aspect that he will need some help which is inclusive of the support services at his will. (Lehne, 2015). A follow-up activity for the monitoring of the changes should be done every time at least in once a week to be able to establish a practical consideration of the COPD. Also being able to refer the patient to an occupational therapist for an arrangement to shower a chair even for a minute will be a satisfying condition to garner the courage to help the patient. References Brown, D Edwards, H 2012, Lewis's Medical-surgical Nursing: assessment and management of clinical problems, 3rd Edition, Elsevier Australia, NSW. MIMS 2014, MIMS Online, Australia, viewed 26 September 2014 Porth, CM Matfin, G 2009, Pathophysiology: concepts of altered health states, 8th edn, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia Smeltzer, S, Bare, B, Hinkle, J Cheever, K 2010, Burnner Suddarths textbook of medical-surgical nursing, 12th edn, Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Philadelphia. Tollefson, J 2010, Clinical psychomotor skills: assessment tools for nursing students, 4th edn, Cengage Learning, Australia. Lehne, R 2013, Pharmacology for nursing care, 8th edn, Elsevier Saunders, Missouri. Lewis, S.L., Dirksen, S.R., Heitkemper, M.M. and Bucher, L., 2014.Medical-surgical nursing: assessment and management of clinical problems, single volume. Elsevier Health Sciences. Mindell, J.A. and Owens, J.A., 2015.A clinical guide to pediatric sleep: diagnosis and management of sleep problems. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Davey, G.C., 2014.Psychopathology: research, assessment and treatment in clinical psychology. John Wiley Sons. Bass, C. and Halligan, P., 2014. Factitious disorders and malingering: challenges for clinical assessment and management.The lancet,383(9926), pp.1422-1432. Frick, P.J., Ray, J.V., Thornton, L.C. and Kahn, R.E., 2014. Can callous-unemotional traits enhance the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of serious conduct problems in children and adolescents? A comprehensive review.Psychological Bulletin,140(1), p.1. Bo, K., Berghmans, B., Morkved, S. and Van Kampen, M., 2014.Evidence-based physical therapy for the pelvic floor: bridging science and clinical practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. Forbes, H. and Watt, E., 2015.Jarvis's Physical Examination and Health Assessment. Elsevier Health Sciences. Olson, D., Russell, C.S. and Sprenkle, D.H., 2014.Circumplex model: Systemic assessment and treatment of families. Routledge. McPherson, R.A. and Pincus, M.R., 2016.Henry's clinical diagnosis and management by laboratory methods. Elsevier Health Sciences. Carr, A. and McNulty, M. eds., 2016.The handbook of adult clinical psychology: an evidence based practice approach. Routledge. Arkowitz, H., Miller, W.R. and Rollnick, S. eds., 2015.Motivational interviewing in the treatment of psychological problems. Guilford Publications. Portney, L.G. and Watkins, M.P., 2015.Foundations of clinical research: applications to practice. FA Davis. Andersen, B.L., DeRubeis, R.J., Berman, B.S., Gruman, J., Champion, V.L., Massie, M.J., Holland, J.C., Partridge, A.H., Bak, K., Somerfield, M.R. and Rowland, J.H., 2014. Screening, assessment, and care of anxiety and depressive symptoms in adults with cancer: an American Society of Clinical Oncology guideline adaptation.Journal of Clinical Oncology,32(15), pp.1605-1619. Brydie, A. and Raby, N., 2014. Early MRI in the management of clinical scaphoid fracture.The British journal of radiology. Youngstrom, E.A., Choukas-Bradley, S., Calhoun, C.D. and Jensen-Doss, A., 2015. Clinical guide to the evidence-based assessment approach to diagnosis and treatment.Cognitive and Behavioral Practice,22(1), pp.20-35. Gacono, C.B. ed., 2015.The clinical and forensic assessment of psychopathy: a practitioner's guide. Routledge. Goyal, M., Demchuk, A.M., Menon, B.K., Eesa, M., Rempel, J.L., Thornton, J., Roy, D., Jovin, T.G., Willinsky, R.A., Sapkota, B.L. and Dowlatshahi, D., 2015. Randomized assessment of rapid endovascular treatment of ischemic stroke.New England Journal of Medicine,372(11), pp.1019-1030.

Kennedy Essays - CubaUnited States Relations, Fidel Castro

Kennedy John Fitzgerald Kennedy was the 35th President of the United States, the youngest person ever to be elected President, the first Roman Catholic and the first to be born in the 20th century.Kennedy was assassinated before he completed his third year as President, therefore his achievements were limited.Nevertheless, his influence was worldwide, and his handling of the Cuban Missile Crisis may have prevented the United States from entering into another world war.Kennedy was especially admired by the younger people and he was perhaps the most popular president in history.Kennedy expressed the values of 20th century America and his presidency had an importance beyond its political achievements.John Fitzgerald Kennedy was born in Brookline, Massachusetts where he was one of nine children.The Kennedy family was very wealthy and providedmeans for the Kennedy children to pursue whatever they chose and John F. Kennedy chose politics. John F. Kennedy was elected to Congress in 1942 and as a new member Kennedy supported legislation that would serve the interests of his elements.Kennedy usually backed bills sponsored by his party but would sometimes show independence by voting with the Republicans.He also joined with the Republicans in criticizing the Truman administration's handling of China.In China, the Nationalist government of Chiang Kai-shek, which had been supported by the United States, was unable to withstand the advance of Communist forces under Mao Zedong.By the end of 1949 government troops had been overwhelmingly defeated, and Chiang led his forces into exile on Taiwan.The triumphant Mao formed the People's Republic of China.Truman's critics, including Kennedy, charged that the administration had failed to support Chiang Kai-shek againstthe Communists. Despite Kennedy's wavering within his own party platform, John F. Kennedy easily won reelection to Congress in 1948 and 1950.In 1952 he decided to run against functioning Republican Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr.Kennedy was little known outside his congressional district therefore he began his campaign two years before the election, meeting with hundreds of thousands of people in Massachusetts."Kennedy defeated Lodge by 70,000"1 votes despite the fact that Dwight D. Eisenhower, the Republican Presidential candidate, carried the state by just over 200,000 votes. As a candidate for the Senate, Kennedy promised the voters that he would do more for Massachusetts than Lodge had ever done.During his first two years as senator he backed legislation beneficial to the Massachusetts textile, fishing, watch, and transportation industries.In 1953, however, he defied regional interests and supported the Saint Lawrence Seaway project and later in 1955 he was the only New England senator to support renewal of the Reciprocal Trade Agreement Act that gave the President the power to lower U. S. tariffs, or taxes on import goods, in exchange for similar concessions from other countries. In 1957 Kennedy became a member of the powerful Senate Foreign Relations Committee, and he later won a place on the Senate Committee on Improper Activities in the Labor Management Field.In 1958 he spent many of his weekends campaigning for reelection in Massachusetts senatorial contest.Kennedy wanted the 1960 Democratic presidential nomination, and almost as soon as the 1956 election was over, he began working toward it. Kennedy announced his candidacy early in 1960 and by the time the Democratic National Convention opened in July, he had won seven primary victories.When the convention opened, it appeared that Kennedy's only serious challenge for the nomination would come from the Senate majority leader, Lyndon B. Johnson of Texas.However, Johnson was strong only among Southern delegates and Kennedy won the nomination on the first ballot and then persuaded Johnson to become his running mate. Two weeks later the Republicans nominated Vice President Richard Nixon for president and Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., for vice president.In the fast-paced campaign that followed, Kennedy made stops in 46 states and 273 cities and towns, while Nixon visited every state and 170 urban areas.The two candidates faced each other in four nationally televised debates.Kennedy's manner, especially in the first debate, seemed to eliminate the charge that he was too young and inexperienced to serve as president, and many believe these debates gave Kennedy the edge he needed for victory. The election drew a record 69 million voters to the polls, but Kennedy won by only 113,000 votes which made it the closest popular vote in 72 years.Because Kennedy won most of the larger states in the Northeastern United States, he received 303 electoral votes to Nixon's 219.Kennedy was inaugurated on January 20, 1961.In his inaugural address he emphasized America's revolutionary heritage,"The same beliefs for which our forebears fought are still at issue around the globe,"2 Kennedy said."Let the word go forth

Business Case Modeling

Business Case Modeling Introduction Business organizations which thrive on success are identified by a mix of unique business components which identify their strategic positions in the market. The striking characteristics inherent in DoCoMo and its subsidiary partners such as KPN, NTT DoCoMo, and a range of other mobile subsidiary partners uniquely identify pricing, value to customers, and product differentiation as marketing components that strategically place the mobile company in the market.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Business Case Modeling specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Pricing As a marketing strategy in a market strewn with rivals such as Vodafone which offers the same mobile products and services, DoCoMo had inherently priced its products tailored at capturing a market share in a competitive environment. Striking examples from the above case study include the competitive service pricing in Japan where users paid an attractive monthly access charges of 300 yen (US $ 2.48) in addition to the fee varying from 0.3 yen for a data packet of 128 bytes to 60 yen for transferring funds, subscription fee varied between 100 yen (US $ 0.83) and 300 yen (US $2.48) for any site as is evident from the case study on (p. 346). This unique pricing mechanism outpaced competitors and provided a tough challenge for could be new entrants in the service industry. Profiteering is the main objective of any business organization. Profits helps sustain a business organization and revenue generated in terms of profits strengthen it and provide it with an impetus in investing in promotional activities and staying afloat in the market. This was the case with DoCoMo. The unique pricing mechanism coupled with product differentiation raked the company in profits in the Japanese market with increased usage. This was a successful marketing endeavor. Customer Value Customers are important assets a business organization can posses. They det ermine the market share, profitability, product and service image and acceptability, and customer buying behavior. DoCoMo had researched its target market very well. This is evidently revealed in the way DoCoMo has designed mobile sets with different features and offered attractive pricing strategies for services in different markets. Porte’s Five Forces (1) identifies factors such as the buyer’s power determining strategic success of a company. This has strategically steered the company into success.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Product features include larger screens designed for the i-mode for specific markets such as in Germany and Netherlands, good quality display characteristics, improved service capabilities such as the i-mode technology based mobile set that incorporates features such as its capacity to send and receive 1000 emails, with a 160 characters capacity SMS. According to the case study on (p.350), the phone incorporated entertainment features particularly for the Japanese market, which, as the case study identifies like to be entertained when they are on their long journeys to work. Product Differentiation Another key factor that propelled DoCoMo to success was the need to differentiate its products and services to suit target market. The case study illustrates this from the genius of the company in tailoring products that competitively substituted products and services offered by other companies such as Vodafone, the company’s 3G mobiles as compared to FOMA’s 2GHT bandwidth capacity illustrated on (p. 347). According to the article on Porte’s Five Forces (1), the company researched on its key strengths and placed emphasis on its strengths that place it at a strategic position in the market. A strong and reliable supply chain and good and strong working relationship with subsidiaries wer e factors incorporated that saw the companies succeed in a wider market share for its differentiated products. These substitutes ranged from different versions of web browsers for mobile phones, use of hybrid technologies such as WAP and e-HTML, and a diversity of others as illustrated on (p.48) of the case study. Conclusion Analyzing the case study, pricing, customer value, and product differentiation marked the succeed story of DoCoMo. These are elements which stand out which have been the drivers of success. However, the business organization suffered from key weakness, in exploiting presented opportunities and threats in the market. Porte’s Five Forces. A Model for Industrial Analysis. 1999-2007. 1 April, 2010. quickmba.com/strategy/porter.shtmlAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on Business Case Modeling specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More

SULA Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

SULA - Assignment Example Therefore, this essay will focus on the highlights about the themes utilized by Morrison in her novel including friendships, choices, and pride. The theme of friendship makes the central force in the novel. It helps to sustain the characters and get them through the hardships of real life situations. The relationships and friendships depicted in Sula emerge as difficult and complicated. They cause pain to the individuals whose relationships did not bear fruit as they had expected. For instance, the friendship between Sula and Nel finally leads to Nel’s broken marriage. The situation occurs after Sula returns to Nel’s house, and her idleness lures her to indulge in a meaningless sexual episode. However, Jude holds that his action is due to the undervaluing resulting from Nel’s sense of self-worth (Nigro 736). The theme is interesting since Sula and Nel had a long friendship, and when this happens, the reader intends to know more about what will unfold as the story continues. In this context, options are prevalent throughout the novel as various characters seem to make different decisions ate varied stages of the text. For instance, Sula’s characters struggle with self-identity and determination throughout the story. There are evident characters that choose to take their paths different from the ones exhibited by their parents. They want to follow their desires and ideas regarding what is wrong or right (Nigro 734). The situations create problems to the people that surround them enhancing the curiosity of the reader to unravel what will befall the â€Å"deviant.† Hence, the story becomes interesting as the reader wants to read more to realize what happens to the people that deviate from the society’s expectations. For example, Nel vows to find her self-identity and determination against her mother’s wish. The characters make own decisions that finally have profound effects on the entire society. In the

Budget prioritization issues, budget cuts, increases tuitions affect Essay

Budget prioritization issues, budget cuts, increases tuitions affect higher education - Essay Example It can be problematic for a university that does not have the financial means to meet all needs of the students. However, students simply cannot be the sole income resource to help an institute of higher learning to completely operate and maintain the overhead. There may be an issue at some higher educational institutions and universities where the monetary resources are not there to completely provide to a student. This could result in a student not receiving the type of education they anticipate due to budget cuts and priorities made by universities. There then can be a digression at these learning institutions because universities often turn to increasing tuition to help accommodate for the losses. However, if no changes are being made to the university, are students really getting what they are paying for per credit hour in tuition? If students start to compare schools and determine they can receive the same credentials from universities which have more to offer because they have more income to create better learning environments but yet the tuition is higher, it is likely the student will choose a different institution. Therefore, a university finds itself in even more of an economic and budget stretch because of decreased enrollment due to higher tuition rates. Students then cannot afford the university and the university cannot then afford to offer the best technologies, smaller class sizes, more faculty, a variety of class options and also a larger variety of degree programs or certifications. When this happens, what exactly is the draw for a student to attend that college because no matter where a student chooses to go for higher educational needs, tuition is typically not cheap. Before looking at budget cuts and prioritization issues, one might just want to take a look at the common cost of a college class per credit hour to get an idea of how much a student might spend on their higher

China Miville Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

China Miville - Essay Example Interrelations on all these aspects will enable us gain a new notion and perspective on various issues altogether. Human self-deception highly depends on one’s familiarity with something or someone.On the other hand, knowledge orients on aspects like education, experience, skills, descriptions, information and facts. Nonetheless, knowledge can either become explicit or implicit, systematic or less formal, while in other instances it may refer to the practical or theoretical understanding of a subject. To many, knowledge is merely the phenomenon behind belief in amalgamation with facts. Such kinds of interrelations within the idea behind knowledge raise unending controversies on facets orienting around a fact or a belief. The acquisition of knowledge depends on a complex learning process that depends on our memory, attention, learning, reasoning, decision making, problem solving and understanding of language. In learning, one has to admit that they do not know or they lack idea s about particular aspects. Knowing is the main facade behind knowledge but there arises four facets from knowing that include; known knowns, known unknowns, unknown unknowns and unknown knowns. The known knowns fall under the things that we know that we know, there again exits the known unknowns which fall under the things that we know but are unknown; we do not know them but we understand how to find them. The third aspect is the unknown unknowns which fall under the things that we are unaware about. The unknown unknowns remain a mystery to us as they fall under a very vast field beyond our investigation. On the other hand, unknown knowns are ideas that we do not know that we know. This phenomenon leads to the knowledge that does not know itself, it’s more like a dream; the unspeakable desires that we never talk about. These are the obvious things that we do in life that we pay little or no attention to in the perspective of relevance. Relevance determines the solution to p roblems through identifying relevant elements that lead to the development of anelucidation. This is in the same perspective as the notion behind method since they will always lead to results that they are designed to develop or generate. On the other hand, prejudice is the decision making prior to the availability of relevant facts in a case. The phenomenon refers to any negative or positive evaluation on other people based on ideas like nationality, language, ethnicity, sexuality, religion, disability, age, social class and gender among other personal traits.As a result prejudice leads to unreasonable attitudes that remain resistant to rational influence leading to unfavorable or favorable feelings towards a thing or person based on actual experience. Ideologies lead to the raising of prejudices from unknown knowns while challenge leads to overturning all the aspects taken for granted by human beings. Take for instance in schools, it is a major belief that particular subjects are well performed by particular genders. Incorporating the same idea leads to the same result unless one decides to challenge the latter idea. Most of the things around our lives are taken for granted just for our lives to become the way they are as per our invisibilities. These invisibilities are based on common sense as the prudent and sound judgment which relies on simple

Change Management: ExxonMobil Case Study

Change Management: ExxonMobil Case Study Change is only permanent feature of our life. Life of individuals and organizations are evolving ever since their creation. Modern companies are in a state of cultural change. From working more or less alone to solving specific tasks, we are now required to work in an interdependent way. Teamwork is vital. These changes require that we change what we expect from the co workers. We have to change the values we highly believe. Values like awareness, teamwork, tolerance, responsibility and information are paramount just as flexibility and change readiness. Team work make in imperative that we develop project team instead of specific tasks. Therefore, our daily lives are becoming project oriented. [Baekdal, Thomas, Change Management Handbook] Overview What is Change Management? Change management is a structured approach to transitioning individuals, teams, and organizations from a current state to a desired future state. [Wardale, Dorothy. 4 components of the module; 2009] The current definition of Change Management includes both organizational change management processes and individual change management models, which together are used to manage the people side of change. Change Management is be essentially linked to oganisational Change which is Organisational change is the process by which organizations move from their present state to some desired future state to increase their effectiveness. [Organization Theory, Design, and Change by Gareth R. Jones] Organisational change may be formally defined as an Organisation-wide effort to enhance the effectiveness of an Organisation by strengthening, modifying, or replacing the culture, structure, technology, task, and human processes through the application of planned interventions with or without the assistance of external agents. [People Change Management in Power Distribution] All changes interface with three Organisational components which constitute the Organisational culture. Those three components are: The historical and political evolution of the company. The management and organization of the company. The people who work for the company The historical and political evolution of a company will have a significant bearing on its acceptance of change. The important factors are Base or origin of company, values of company, image it like to promote, traditions and norms practiced by individuals and company policies. Changes will impact the roles of management. These changes consist of structure and operation of organization, style of leadership, role of senior management, and effect of change on workforce, their acceptance and willingness to take remedial measures. Most of the issues in change management are people oriented. Every decision on change impacts the people. All cautions should be exercised in the people oriented changes. Typically with any change people expect a reward pay hike, promotion or other type of recognition. Think carefully the impact of change in every job it affects. [Change Knowledge Management] Importance of Change Management: Change Management is proactive support focused on preventing incidents and problems by effective planning. Some of the benefits are: Consistent planning for change Consistent planning in case of failure of change Communication with appropriate parties before change occurs Approval received from appropriate parties before change occurs Reduction in incidents and problems caused by unplanned change Time spent on preparation and prevention rather than fire fighting and downtime. Model of Planned Organizational Change When organizations are caught flat footed, failing to anticipate or respond to new needs, management is at fault. Change can be managed by observing external trends, patterns and needs, managers use planned change to help the organization to adapt to external problems and opportunities Four events make up the change sequence: Internal and external forces for change exist Organization managers monitor these forces and become aware of a need for change; and The perceived need triggers the initiation for change, which Is then implemented. How each of these activities is handled depends upon the organization and managers styles. Forces For Change Forces for organizational change exist both in the external environment and internally within the organization. Environmental Forces External forces take its root in all environmental sectors, including client, competitors, technology, economic forces, and the international arena. Internal Forces Internal forces for change arise from internal activities and decisions. If goal of rapid company growth is set by top managers, internal actions will have to be changed to meet that growth. Steps For Effective Organizational Change The four steps for organizational change process are as follows: Assess the need for change Initiate change Implement change Evaluate the change Assessing the need for the change The external and internal forces translate into a perceived need for change within the organization. Managers sense a need for change when there is a performance gap-a disparity between existing and desired performance levels. The performance gap may occur because current procedures are not up to standard or because a new idea or technology could improve current performance. Managers in every company must be alert to problems and opportunities, because the perceived need for change is what sets the stage for subsequent action that creates a new product or technology. Big problems are easy to spot. Sensitive monitoring systems are needed to detect gradual changes that can fool managers into thinking their company is doing changes slowly, because managers may fail to trigger an organizational response. Initiating change After assessing the need of change the next crucial step is to initiate change which is true part of change management. This is where the ideas are developed. Search Search is a learning process about current happenings inside or outside the organization that can be used to meet the perceived need for change. Search typically unfolds existing knowledge that can be applied or adopted within the organization. Hiring of experts, consultant is a very important aspect of such search. Creativity Creativity is the development of novel solutions to the perceived problems. Creative individuals develop idea that can be adopted by the organization. Creativity can be designed into organizations. Companies or departments within companies can be organized to be creative and initiate changes. Idea Champions And New-Venture Teams If creative conditions are successful, new ideas will be generated that must be carried forward for acceptance and implementation. This is where idea champions come in. The formal definition of the idea champion is a person who sees the need for and champions productive change within the organization. Champions are passionately committed to a new product or idea despite rejection by others Implementing Change Effective Implementation of perceived change is the most vital part of Change Management. Creative culture, idea champions and new-venture teams are ways to facilitate the initiation of new ideas. One frustration for managers is that employees often seem to resist change for no apparent reason. To effectively manage the implementation process, managers should be aware of the reason for employee resistance and be prepared to use. Techniques for obtaining employee cooperation are: Resistance To Change Idea champion often discover that other employees are unenthusiastic about their new idea. Members of a new-venture group may be surprised when managers in the regular organization do not support or approve their innovations. Several reasons for employee resistance are: Self-Interest. Lack Of Understanding And Trust. Uncertainty. Different Assessment And Goals. The reasons for resistance are legitimate in the eyes of employees affected by the changes. The best procedure for managers is not to ignore resistance but to diagnose the reasons and design strategies to gain acceptance by users. The strategies for overcoming resistance to change typically involve two approaches: the analysis of resistance through the force field technique and the use of selective implementation tactics to overcome resistance. Force Field Theory of Change Developed by Kurt Lewin: Its the process of determining which forces drive and which resist a proposed change. To implement a change, management should analyze the change forces. By selectively removing forces that restrain change, the driving forces will be strong enough to enable implementation. As restraining forces are reduced or removed, behavior will shift to incorporate the desired changes. The theory underlying organizational development proposes three distinct steps for achieving behavioral and attitudinal change: unfreezing, changing, and refreezing. In the first step, unfreezing, the diagnostic stage of organizational development in which participants are made aware of problems in order to increase their willingness to change their behavior. Diagnosis is done by change agent. This diagnosis helps determine the extent of organizational problems and help unfreeze managers. The second step, changing, a step in the intervention stage of organizational development in which individuals experiment with new workplace behavior. There the change agent implements a specific plan for training managers and employees. Refreezing, a step in the reinforcement stage of organizational development in which individuals acquire a desired new skill or attitude and are rewarded for it by the organization. [5] Selective Implementation Tactics The other approach to managing implementation is to adopt specific tactics to overcome employee resistance. The following five tactics have proven successful: Communication and Education. Communication and education are used when solid information about the change is needed by users and others who may resist implementation. Education is especially important when the change involves new technical knowledge or users are unfamiliar with the idea. Participation. Participation involves users and potential resisters in designing the change. This approach is time consuming, but it pays off because users understand and become committed to the change. Negotiation. Negotiation is more formal means of achieving cooperation. Negotiation uses formal bargaining to win acceptance and approval of a desired change. Coercion. Coercion means that managers use formal power to force employees to change. Resisters are told to accept the change or lose rewards or even their jobs. Coercion is necessary in crisis situation when a rapid response is urgent. Top Management Support. The visible support of top management also helps overcome resistance to change. Top management support symbolizes to all employees that the change is important for the organization. Evaluating The Change The last step in the change process is to evaluate how successful the change effort has been in improving organizational performance. Using measures such as changes in market share, profits, or the ability of manages to meet their goals, managers compare how well an organization is performing after the change with how well it was performing before. Managers also can use benchmarking, comparing their performance on specific dimensions with the performance of high-performing organizations to decide how successful the change effort has been. Types Of Planned Change Now that we have explored how the initiation and implementation of change can be carried out, let us look at the different types of change that take place in organizations. The types of organization changes are strategy, technology, products, structure, and culture/ people. Organizations may innovate in one or more areas, depending on internal and external forces or change. In the rapidly changing toy industry, a manufacturer has to introduce new products frequently. In a mature, competitive industry, production technology changes are adopted to improve efficiency. In the diagram, the arrows connecting the types of change show that a change in one part may affect other parts of the organization: a new product may require changes in technology, and a new technology may require new people skills or a new structure. Technology Changes A technology change is related to the organizations production process-how the organization does its work. Technology changes are designed to make the production of a product or service more efficient. How can managers encourage technology change? The general rule is that technology change is bottom up. The bottom-up approach means that ideas initiated at lower organization levels and channeled upward for approval. Lower level technical experts act as idea champions-they invent and champion technological changes. Employees at lower levels understand the technology and have the expertise needed to propose changes. Managers can facilitate the bottom-up approach by designing creative departments. A loose, flexible, decentralized structure provides employees with the freedom and opportunity to initiate continuous improvements. A rigid, centralized, standardized structure stifles technology innovation. Anything managers do to involve the grass roots of the organization-the people who are experts in their parts of the production process-will increase technology change. New-Product Changes A product change is a change in the organizations product or service output. New-product innovations have major implications for an organization, because they often are an outcome of a new strategy and may define a new market. The introduction of a new product is difficult, because it not only involves a new technology but also must meet customers needs. Companies that develop new products usually have the following characteristics: People in marketing have a good understanding of customer needs Technical specialists are aware of recent technological developments and make effective use of new technology Members from key departments-research, manufacturing, marketing-cooperate in the development of new product. These findings mean that the ideas for new products typically originate at the lower levels of the organization just as they do for technology changes. One approach to new product innovation is called the horizontal linkage model. In this model people from research, manufacturing and marketing departments meet frequently in teams and task forces to share ideas and solve problems. Research people inform marketing of new technical developments to learn whether they will be good to customers. Marketing people pass customer complaints to research to use in the design of new products. Manufacturing informs other departments whether a product idea can be manufactured within costs limits. This teamwork required for the horizontal linkage model is a major component of using rapid innovation to beat the competition with speed. Structural Changes A structural change is a change in the way in which the organization is designed and managed. Structural changes involve the hierarchy of authority, goals, structural characteristics, administrative procedures, and management systems. Almost any change in how the organization is managed falls under the category of structural change. Successful structural change is accomplished through a top-down approach, which is distinct from technology change (bottom up) and new products (horizontal). Structural change is top down because the expertise for administrative improvements originates at the middle and upper levels of the organization. The champions for structural change are middle and top managers. Lower-level technical specialists have little interest or expertise in administrative procedures. If organization structure causes negative consequences for lower-level employees, complaints and dissatisfaction alert managers to a problem. Employee dissatisfaction is an internal force for change. The need for change is perceived by higher managers, who then take the initiative to propose and implement it. The top-down process does not mean that coercion is the best implementation tactic. Implementation tactics include education, participation, and negotiation with employees. Top-down change means that initiation of the idea occurs at upper levels and is implemented downward. It does not mean that lower-level employees are not educated about the change or allowed to participate in it. Culture/People Changes A culture/people change refers to a change in employees values, norms, attitudes, beliefs, and behavior. Changes in culture and people pertain to how employees think; these are changes are in mindset rather than technology, structure, or products. People change pertains to just a few employees, such as when a handful of middle managers is sent to a training course to improve their leadership skills. Training is the most frequently used tool for changing the organizations mindset. A company may offer training programs to large blocks of employees on subjects such as teamwork, listening skills, quality circles, and participative management. Another major approach to changing people and culture is organizational development. Organizational Development Organizational development (OD) is the application of behavioral science knowledge to improve an organizations health and effectiveness through its ability to cope with environmental changes, improve internal relationships, and increase problem-solving capabilities. Organizational development improves working relationships among employees. The following are three types of current problems that OD can help managers address. Mergers/Acquisitions. Culture differences should be evaluated during the acquisition process, and OD experts can be used to smooth the integration of two firms. Organizational Decline/Revitalization. OD techniques can contribute greatly to cultural revitalization by managing conflicts, fostering commitment, and facilitating communication. Conflict Management. Conflict can occur at any time and place within a healthy organization. Organizational development efforts can help solve these kinds of conflicts. OD Activities A number of OD activities have emerged in recent years. Some of the most popular and effective are as follows. Team-Building Activities. Team building enhances the cohesiveness and success of organizational groups and teams. Survey-Feedback Activities. Survey feedback begins with a questionnaire distributed to employees. Employees are engaged in problem solving based on the data received from questionnaire. Intergroup Activities. These activities include retreats and workshops to improve the effectiveness of groups or departments that must work together. Process-Consultation Activities. Organizational development consultants help managers understand the human processes within their organization and how to manage them. Symbolic Leadership Activities. This approach helps managers to use the techniques for cultural change, including public statements, ceremonies, and slogans. References Baekdal, Thomas, (2006). Change Management Handbook. Technology and immediacy of information (on-line) available http://www.wikipedia.com Becta (2003) Available http://www.becta.org.uk/tsas. Daft, Richard L, (1997). Management. Florida: Dryden Press. Change Management Report by Zulfiqar,Shamsullah,Shahzad,Rizwan; 2009 Case Study: EXXON MOBIL Company Profile: Company History: Exxon Mobil Corporation is the second largest integrated oil company in the world, trailing only BP p.l.c. The company is involved in wide range of oil and gas related activities such as exploration, production, transportation, and marketing in more than 200 countries. Exxon Mobil is a major manufacturer of basic petrochemicals, such as olefins, aromatics, and polyethylene and polypropylene plastics. The company is operating 4000 service stations under the brand names Exxon, Mobil, and Esso. Mobil Corporation and Exxon Corporation are merged in 1999 to form Exxon Mobil. [Exxon Mobil Corporation Business Information, Profile, and History http://companies.jrank.org/pages/1494/Exxon-Mobil-Corporation.html#ixzz0cW28yLUs] The Merger of Exxon and Mobil 21st Century In December 1998 Exxon agreed to buy Mobil for about $75 billion in what promised to be one of the largest takeovers ever. Merger was necessitated by reducing Oil prices and prevailing Asian economic crisis. By Merger both companies foresaw annual Profit benefit of $ 2.1 Billion. Based on 1998 results, the proposed Exxon Mobil Corporation would have combined revenues of $168.8 billion, making it the largest oil company in the world, and $8.1 billion in profits. As discussed earlier Merger/Acquisition are an important part of organizational development (OD). Exxon Mobil has utilized this tool effectively to maximize their profits and reduce operation cost and overheads. Exxon Mobil in the 21st Century The integrations of Mobil into Exxon resulted in delivery of cost saving and two contrasting corporate cultures. Exxons strength was always reflected in finance and engineering while on contrast Mobils strengths lie in marketing and deal-making. By union of both giants Exxon Mobil resulted in cost saving of $4.6 billion. These saving were used to fund the companys growth by internal means, and expanded their Oil Gas output. Between 1999 and 2004 after successful merge, Exxon Mobil earned $75 billion in net profits and generated $123 billion in cash. As Exxon Mobil prepared for the future, perhaps the most significant event on the horizon was a change in leadership, environment policy and meeting geo political situation challenges in region such as Middle East, North Africa, and Caspian Sea. However, most of significant is meeting challenges posses by decade old environmental policy of non acceptance of Green House gases (GHG) effect on climate. This Organizational Change is discussed in depth in next part of report. EXXONMOBIL AND CHANGE MANAGEMENT ON ISSUE OF CLIMATE CHANGE Old Guards and Organization Resistance toward Climate Change: ExxonMobil released its 2005 Corporate Citizenship Report (May 2006) and its report on Tomorrows Energy (February 2006). Both make clear that Exxons fundamental business approach and thinking on climate change had not changed. The company firmly believes that oil is the future and that concerns about climate change do not merit meaningful investments in clean energy and alternative fuels. In these two reports, ExxonMobil acknowledges that human activities have contributed to the increased concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHG) and that this accumulation poses risks that may prove significant for society and ecosystems. The company declares that these risks justify actions now, but the selection of actions must consider the uncertainties that remain. Exxon then goes on to describe: the complexities of climate science; the limits of climate knowledge; the limits of current climate models; the uncertainty of projections ExxonMobil declares that even with many scientific uncertainties, action is still justified. However, by emphasizing the remaining points of uncertainty rather than the scientific consensus that has emerged on the human role in climate change, ExxonMobil continued to take a deliberative approach that casts climate change as a long-term problem rather than a priority for near-term action. Despite their rhetoric, ExxonMobil was not taking the actions needed to address the financial and competitive risks posed by climate change due to inherent organizational resistance to change. Leadership shrugs off from taking decisive actions and taking lead toward this grave issue. ExxonMobil operates on the assumption that oil and gas will continue to represent a large percentage of the energy mix, whereas renewable energy sources will remain minimal. In contrast, the private venture capital community has begun investing heavily in clean energy technology, as have ExxonMobils competitors. ExxonMobil continues to lag behind. ExxonMobil lags behind competitors like BP and Royal Dutch Shell on low-carbon leadership ExxonMobils nearly only focus on oil and gas has placed it behind competitors like BP and Royal Dutch Shell, which have committed billions of dollars toward the development of low-carbon technologies that they intend to build as new profit centers for their companies. Climate Change ExxonMobils Change Strategy: A newly published report (Dec. 2008) by ExxonMobil titled Responding to Environmental Ethics: Moving from Petroleum to Renewable Energy for the 21st Century. As title indicated an organizational shift in environment policy is happening at Exxon Mobile. Exxonmobil admitted link between Oil Gas and climate change in following words ExxonMobils focus on petroleum and gas products, especially those that are combusted to extract energy, has played a key role in promoting climate change through an enhanced greenhouse effect. The combustion of petroleum and gas has increased the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to levels that are rapidly warming the planet, leading to severe consequences for the world economy and most of the Earths natural features. Exxonmobil inactiveness in past regarding Global warming is also addressed in said report ExxonMobil has traditionally been skeptical of climate science. It wasnt until recently that the company decided to accept that climate change is largely attributed to human activity and that something must be done about it A perceived Change is envisioned by Exxonmobil. This remarkable change in Exxonmobils outlook toward climate related issues happened due to following few theoretical Factors, Environmental Factors: As discussed earlier in our report, environmental Factors such as clients, competitors and changing technology are basis of any Organizational change. Same is true with Exxonmobils new Climate Strategy. Exxonmobil moved towards change after realizing that competitors such as BP Inc., Royal Dutch Shell and Chevron are taking lead on climate related issues concerning Oil Gas Sector. Public awareness vis-Ã  -vis global warming increased significantly over the few years which also contributed toward Exxonmobils new climate strategy. Internal Factors: Internal Factors such managers, top management and shareholders also play a decisive role in this Change strategy. Shareholders worried that competitors investment in alternative renewable energy may cause lower future growth. Exxonmobil adopted knowledge as the basic search tool assessing change. Exxonmobil stated in their 2008 report said In general, the companys goal is to provide energy around the world to improve quality of lives while minimizing environmental impact and supporting communities. Second, the company assesses any issues identified in the first step through information from various sectors, including non-governmental organizations, academia, financial institutions, and employees. Then it develops a list of material areas that the company will focus on based on its analysis. In 2007, these material areas were Environmental Performance, Workplace, Corporate Governance, Transparency and Human Rights, and Community Development Implementation of Change Strategy: After assessing perceived change, next logical step for Exxonmobil is initiation of Change Implementation at organizational level. Exxonmobil Called this The End of Carbon Era. To save environment damage petroleum combustion must be curtailed significantly in this century by taking action to fight climate change. Exxonmobil has decided to reinvest its business to remain one of the worlds most significant companies and ensure it viability. Exxonmobil is to invest in existing alternative technologies that are emissions-free. This will mean entering fields to provide reliable energy to the world and improved its tarnished image. ExxonMobil has invested in improving its energy efficiency, increasing its co-generation capacity by 12% in 2005 and working to reduce gas flaring in Nigeria and elsewhere. It has also supported research into producing more fuel-efficient internal combustion engines, although the extent of that support is unclear. The company states that technologies like carbon capture and sequestration, hydrogen production and use, solar, and biotechnologies all require fundamental breakthroughs in research to overcome current barriers to cost, performance, safety, and public acceptance before they could enter into widespread use. Conclusion: ExxonMobil claims that the risks from climate change justify action now. Exxonmobil which is world leader in petroleum production has assesses the change based on theoretical effecting factors, initiated perceived change and implemented change for betterment of mankind. Our study concludes that the Exxonmobil has followed theoretical cycle of change and now successfully implementing the Change, thus transforming its global image. Biblography: http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Exxon-Mobil-Corporation-Company-History.html Baekdal, Thomas, (2006). Change Management Handbook. Technology and immediacy of information (on-line) available http://www.wikipedia.com Becta (2003) Available http://www.becta.org.uk/tsas. Daft, Richard L, (1997). Management. Florida: Dryden Press. Jones, John Aguirre, DeAnne. (2004). 10 Principles of Change Management: Tools and techniques to help companies transform quickly. Responding to Environmental Ethics: Moving from Petroleum to Renewable Energy for the 21st Century by Carlos Rymer. December 11, 2008. http://companies.jrank.org/pages/1494/Exxon-Mobil-Corporation.html http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Exxon-Mobil-Corporation-Company-History.html Organization Theory, Design, and Change, 5th Edition by Gareth R. Jones.

How does Intelligence help the Joint Force Commander Essay -- Militar

Intelligence is a critical component of joint planning and execution. Through the prism of Phase 0 (zero) Shaping, intelligence relates the realities of the operational environment before hostilities including an assessment of current economic, political, and cultural dynamics. Yet, throughout the subsequent phases of operational planning, analysts can also develop concise estimates on friendly and enemy centers of gravity (COG), thereby introducing not only the triggers of adversarial activity but at what point friendly forces can maneuver with maximum decisiveness. All the while, intelligence professionals systematically prepare real-time and near real-time intelligence to maintain the informational edge during execution. Intelligence enables the Joint Force Commander to visualize the operational environment, evaluate operational effects, and sustain information superiority throughout the duration of joint operations, thereby offering increased integration, synchronization and direction of involved joint elements. Understanding the complex operational environment of today and tomorrow is elemental when integrating diverse forces to achieve a favorable outcome. Intelligence professionals have a wide array of systems to draw from when preparing intelligence to facilitate a broad understanding. This array includes combat support agencies as well as national intelligence agencies which work in an ever increasingly collaborative environment. This aids the intelligence professional as they collect raw information as well as already produced actionable intelligence gained throughout all levels of war and throughout the full scope of military operations. This effort is critical in establishing priorities of effort which will ... ...s to collect information, evaluate problems, and reach the most plausible solutions. However, the varying requirements of operational and tactical warfare merit differing approaches to planning and execution. The design of the JOPP process is for campaign contingencies which fall into the scope of operational level, while the MDMP process is best suited for the tactical level. Moreover, JOPP takes into account that a joint commander may not be as thoroughly knowledgeable of all assigned forces as the tactical commander would be. Wisely, JOPP asks the joint staff and commander to evaluate friendly, as well as enemy, COGs so to evaluate capabilities of either force. The tactical commander, not wanting to take anything for granted, would already know the true combat potential of the force, as speed and decisiveness are certainly critical in the tactical realm.

Haroun and the Sea of Stories Closed Reading Essay

So Iff the Water Genie told Haroun about the Ocean of the Streams of Story, and even though he was full of a sense of hopelessness and failure the magic of the ocean began to have an effect on Haroun. He looked into the water and saw that it was made up of a thousand thousand thousand and one currents, each one a different colour, weaving in and out of one another like a liquid tapestry of breathtaking complexity; and Iff explained that these were the Streams of Story, that each coloured strand represented and contained a single tale. Different parts of the ocean contained different sorts of stories, and all the stories that had ever been told and many that were still in the process of being invented could be found here, the Ocean of the Streams of Story was in fact the biggest library in the universe. And because the stories were held here in fluid form, they retained the ability to change, to become new versions of themselves, to join up with other stories and so become yet other stories; so that unlike a library of books, the Ocean of the Streams of Story was much more than a storeroom of yarns. It was not dead but alive. (Rushdie 72) In Salmon Rushdie’s’, Haroun and the Sea of Stories various themes are explored presenting numerous arguments to the reader. One of the main themes within the novel is the importance of stories. Within the passage above Salmon Rushdie presents the changing nature of stories and their ability to become new versions of themselves, this is explored through the use of literary devices. These techniques allow interpretation of the themes, present Rushdie’s ideas and further engage the reader. Some of the techniques used within the above passage are; third person narrative, repetition, synonyms, sentence structure and metaphor. The above passage is key to Rushdie’s story, Haroun and the Sea of Stories and its themes as this is when Haroun is first introduced to the Sea of Stories. Haroun is challenged to make a decision between two wishes; to have his mother come back or for his father to regain his lost story telling ability. Failing to make either wish due to his eleven minute concentration, a result of his mothers departure, Haroun is possessed with a â€Å"sense of hopelessness and failure†(pg 72). These feelings foreshadow future angst Haroun will feel and overcome about the Sea of Stories and its potential destruction. The use of third person narrative can be seen throughout the novel and passage. This allows the reader to be an onlooker to the story, a gain a more informative view of the story, allowing them to see numerous points of view rather than just one. Within the passage third person is used to engage the reader and distance them from the immediate situation while still allowing them to observe the beauty described by Iff the Water Genie. Examples of third person within the passage are â€Å"Iff explained† and â€Å"Iff the Water Genie told Haroun. The passage portrays the nature of the sea and sets up the context for the oceans future with the use of repetition. The idea of change is presented; throughout the passage with the idea of stories being simple is challenged, uncovering their true complexity, detailing how the water is â€Å"made up of thousand thousand thousand and one currents, each of a different colour† (pg 72) and how stories have the ability to join up with one another and to become yet another story. This represents the idea that everything can change and nothing is susceptible to it, this can also be seen throughout the novel. Change can be seen through the repetition of the word ‘different’. The ‘different colours†, the â€Å"different sorts of stories† and the â€Å"different parts of the ocean†. The repetition of the word is used to present the reader with the full potential of the ocean and its changing magical ability. Within the novel the sea can be seen to change from something possessed with magic and beauty that inspired many to something toxic and sickly contaminated that affects numerous people and their health. Repetition of the ocean being alive and personifying the ocean, can be seen through the passage. The passage personifies the ocean by talking of its playful nature of the currents â€Å"weaving in and out of one another† and its ability to change, as it has a mind of its own. The last sentence within the passage states â€Å"it was not dead but alive† the use of short sentencing emphasised its point and indicates its importance. However this short verse changes the mood of the passage, the reader is confronted by the abrupt word â€Å"dead† this single word changes the tone of the sentence and explores that along with the capability to be alive there also is the capability to be dead. This foreshadows the next passage and the future of the ocean. Within the passage the metaphor of the ocean being a library is emphasised, it states that it is â€Å"the biggest library in the universe† this metaphor is used to try and example the extent of the sea and how many stories it possesses, connecting it to a familiar idea for the reader. However the metaphor is later contradicted renouncing the oceans likeness to a library of books due to the fluid form of the stories and their changing nature and ability to become new versions and to join up with other stories. It presents the ocean to be much more. This is revisited throughout the novel, exampling how the ocean is â€Å"much more† and how it is a health source to plentimaws fish, directly impacting them as the ocean becomes more toxic, as well as a way of life to all members of gup city. In the passage synonyms are used to help emphasis the key points an example of this is the synonym ‘change’ and ‘new versions of themselves’. These synonyms are used to indicate the importance of the oceans changing ability allowing the reader to assess how it is important. This concept is seen to be a key point of the passage and one of within the novel. The synonym of ‘not dead’ and ‘alive’ are used to stress the importance of the Sea of Stories, by stating its alive nature, the impact the sea has on others throughout the novel can be seen, to those who feed off it and keep it pure, for instance the plentimaw fish. The passage seen above is made up of four sentences; three extended and one truncated. The use of sentence structure is important as it seperates the ideas of the passage. Both the magic and splendor of the Sea of Stories and the realisation of it being â€Å"not dead but alive†(pg72) are seen within the passage. Extended sentences are used to describe the magic of the ocean an its ability to effect others, in the passage it is seen to effect Haroun, as he has a sense of hopelessness and failure however from the magic of the ocean Haroun is affected and changed. With the use of extended sentences the Sea of Stories is described by Iff the Water Genie. The reader is presented with the imagery of the water and its numerous colours, forever moving, weaving and how it is constantly changing into something new joining with other stories. This description paints a picture to the reader allowing them to imagine the true nature of the Sea. The second last sentence of the passage describes how the sea is ‘‘much more than a storeroom of yarns’’ as the stories are fluid form, holding the ability to become other stories, new stories. This allows the reader to interrupt the importance of the sea. The final sentence is made up of six words â€Å"it was not dead but alive† these few words hold great power as within the short sentence the reader is confronted with their meaning. Both the emotive words and change in tone, the reader is left questioning is there something more, with the words foreshadowing the future of the sea. The first and final sentences of the passage are seen to interlink as the effect the ocean has on Haroun creates a sense of obligation for him to help fight to fix the ocean and to keep it alive. Within the passage above form is seen to produce meaning. This is done through the use of literary techniques, the use of these devices allow the purpose of the text to be seen. The meaning of the passage is to example change, the good and bad, and to portray the importance if the Sea of Stories to the reader. The passage and its form also hold meaning the novel as it describes the sea and illustrates its magic.

Universal Healthcare is Moral Essays

Universal Healthcare is Moral Essays Universal Healthcare is Moral Essay Universal Healthcare is Moral Essay Universal healthcare can be defined as a healthcare system which employs a combination of health financing and service provisions to provide universal healthcare coverage to most members of a society. This definition of a universal healthcare is not binding. In fact, various definitions of universal healthcare do exist. The differences emanate from the fact that various universal health practices apply in different countries and the extent to which the system is put into practice does vary. As at today, universal healthcare is being practised in all industrialized countries except the United States. Since the German health insurance bill of 1883, which was part of Otto Von Bismark’s social legislation, universal healthcare has spread to many countries like the UK, Spain, and Italy. But the interpretation of the system varies in these countries. One common feature of the system in these countries though, is that their governments are actively involved in the functioning of the system. Access to healthcare services in these countries derives from citizen rights rather than insurance coverage. The case in the United States is exactly the opposite. In determining the morality of a universal healthcare, recourse can be made to Jeremy Bentham and James Mill ethical theory which states that â€Å"all action should be directed towards achieving greatest happiness for greatest number†. This theory is the theory of utilitarianism. How does this apply to the morality of a universal healthcare? In accepting morality as recognition of the desirability of good over bad, we can say that the greatest happiness for the greatest number represents good more than bad. No matter the side of the debate one is, the truth remains that universal healthcare will primarily extend the provision of healthcare services to more less privileged citizens of the Unites States. In that case, it is moral. Universal healthcare is also an example of a common good. The aforementioned statement is open to debate though. But a common good need not be beneficial to all. This perfectly supports the argument in favour of a universal healthcare. There exist a segment of the population who vehemently oppose the promulgation of a universal healthcare. Seeing no benefit for themselves, but since the majority will benefit, why do we not go ahead and introduce the system into our healthcare system? Even the scriptures support the existence of a universal healthcare. The scripture deifies the government as an arbitrary authority in matters of governance. If we practice democracy, then we should as well expect the leaders we voted for to promote our common good to care enough for our health. It is in the pursuance of such common good in the face of opposition that the biblical injunction becomes significant. A universal healthcare is thus moral. It is the right of all Americans and it is the job of the government to support this right. Is social justice moral? Yes. And universal healthcare is just one example of it. Social justice expresses fairness. It gives individuals and groups fair treatment and a just share of benefits. Same thing that universal healthcare stands for!. But the ride is not all that smooth. Antagonists of this system have argued that introduction of the system will spur many unintended consequences. They employ this theory of double effect concluding that universal healthcare will lead to a forceful demand for services even when such are very much unreasonable. The system, they say, will lead to avoidable court cases and that individuals might take no further interest in providing for their own health since they now have the right to demand for it anyway. The scripture has also been cited as teaching against the existence of such system as a universal healthcare system. It has been argued that the bible forbids the use of force in obtaining ‘things’ for ourselves. Universal healthcare is seen as such a ‘thing’ since the government will have to force all citizens and healthcare providers to comply. Another theory that has been employed in the argument against a universal healthcare system is the theory of emotivism. Antagonists argue that the campaign for the introduction of a universal healthcare is based on feelings rather than reality. They insist that the fact that the majority have that feeling does not necessarily mean that the system is moral. They believe that the decision on whether the system is moral or not should be based on a measurement of realistic projections rather than hinged on a plethora of emotions. The realistic projections, they say, will reveal that though universal healthcare might be beneficial to all, it is essentially immoral. Antagonists also argue that the introduction of the system will undermine the theory of ethical relativism. Ethical relativism dictates that what is right or wrong and good or bad is not absolute but variable and relative, depending on the person, circumstances, or social situation. Since universal healthcare is a mockery of the above concept, antagonists argue that it is immoral. Firstly, the theory of double effect does not really apply to universal healthcare. No matter the nature of the unintended consequences, the merits of a universal healthcare far outweigh the demerits. All good things do have a side effect. The side effects are not necessarily akin to a double effect. To dismiss a system that will be so much beneficial to the majority on the basis of an inappropriate double effect is in essence immoral. It is also a known fact that nothing goes for nothing,. Double effect is not a substantial reason to damn a universal healthcare system. Definitely a price must be paid for everything that will be of benefit to the society at large. Remember when there is no pain, there can’t be any gain. The theory of emotivism is also not strong enough to oppose the fact that a universal healthcare is moral. Antagonists argue that it is based on emotions instead of reality. This is not true. After all universal healthcare benefits the majority and this perfectly fits into the system of government (Democracy) and also supports Jeremy Bentham and James Mill ethical theory which states that â€Å"all action should be directed towards achieving greatest happiness for greatest number†. Since it is the happiness of the majority what is being solicited for, then the issue of unnecessary emotions is definitely avoided. Although ethics vary from one culture to another and there is no universal standard that can conclusively differentiate between good or bad, a universal healthcare system still expresses the common good with one voice, even among different cultures. Every culture, tribe, and even religion believes that health is wealth. The concept of universal healthcare can be easily understood among people of different tribes and ethical backgrounds. It is also true that the scriptures forbid the use of force. But the same scriptures vest an overriding authority in the government. The scriptures can be argued to understand that such issues as debates might arise especially when critical decisions that affect the common good must be made. In vesting such an authority in the government, the scriptures empower the government to make the right decisions no matter the stand of the opposition. This should not be interpreted as a use of force. Rather, it should be understood as fulfilment of a scriptural injunction. The argument that a universal healthcare is a form of force is weak and is not what the scriptures teach. Sometimes arguments or debates do come easy, especially when the other side have a hard case to prove. That universal healthcare is immoral sounds like a hard case to prove. The preponderance of theoretical and practical evidence supporting the morality of universal healthcare are so abundant while the supporting arguments for its immorality are essentially weak. The theories of utilitarianism, common good, social justice and scriptural teachings are strong enough concepts that cannot be dismissed with a wave of the hand. These supporting theories have been shown above to be strong pillars behind a universal healthcare system. If they do support the system, as has been shown, it seems to me the morality of universal healthcare system needs not be called to question again. It is time the united states dispel this fear of the unknown and introduce the system into our healthcare system. That the system is already in use in other industrialized countries with astounding benefits to citizens should also inspire our government to do the right thing. We should not aim to be wrongly different, but rightly so. Universal healthcare also draws support from different segments of our society. The support spans across racial, professional, gender, political and age divides. Such a monumental support should not be dismissed for the comfort of the minority. Universal healthcare. Wikipedia online encyclopaedia.. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Universal_health_care. Definitions from www. answers. com Definitions from www. dictionary. com Doug Pibel, Sarah van Gelder. (Jul 19, 2006). Health Care: Its What Ails Us. yesmagazine. org/issues/health-care-for-all/health-care-its-what-ails-us John R. Battista, M. D. and Justine McCabe, Ph. D. (june 4 1999). The Case For Single Payer, Universal Health Care For The United States. Outline of Talk Given To The Association of State Green Parties, Moodus, Connecticut on June 4, 1999.